What is Civilian Marksmanship Program?

Introduction

The Civilian Marksmanship Program (CMP) is a national initiative designed to promote firearm safety, marksmanship training, and responsible gun ownership among U.S. citizens. Established by the U.S. Congress, the CMP plays a crucial role in preserving the country’s shooting sports heritage while ensuring that civilians have the opportunity to develop marksmanship skills.

This program is highly important for the competitive shooter, military history buff, and educator of firearm safety. The CMP is different from other shooting programs because it allows access to surplus military firearms, structured training courses, and competitions that encourage responsible firearm use.

History and Purpose of the CMP

The CMP originated in 1903, after Congress passed an act to authorize the program and include it under the War Department. The overarching purpose was for the improvement of national defense; it would better prepare civilians by giving them marksmanship training that could possibly be useful when they entered the military. With time, though, the original mission of providing strictly military preparedness gave way to a far more educational and sporting mission for the program.

In 1996, Congress restructured the CMP, transitioning its administration to a private, non-profit organization called the Corporation for the Promotion of Rifle Practice and Firearms Safety, Inc. Today, the program focuses on educating youth, promoting firearm safety, and supporting competitive shooting events.

Key Components of the CMP

The CMP operates through a combination of training programs, competitions, and firearm sales. Here’s a breakdown of the most important aspects:

1.Firearms Safety and Instruction

One of the primary objectives of the CMP is to provide people with appropriate knowledge of the proper handling of a firearm. Instruction courses deal with safety rules involving firearms, responsible ownership, and basic marksmanship techniques. The course is open to any age; however, strong interest in the youth program prevails.

CMP-certified instructors conduct classes that include both classroom instruction and live-fire exercises. The organization ensures that participants develop proper techniques, including trigger control, sight alignment, and shooting positions.

2. Competitive Shooting Events

The CMP organizes and sanctions numerous shooting competitions across the country. These events range from local club matches to national championships, attracting shooters of all skill levels. Some of the most notable competitions include:

• National Matches at Camp Perry – Established in 1907, the National Matches are among the most prestigious shooting events in the country. They include service rifle and pistol competitions, drawing participants from across the U.S.
• Smallbore and Air Rifle Competitions – These events allow younger shooters to develop their skills in a controlled environment.
• Excellence-in-Competition (EIC) Matches – These matches offer an opportunity for participants to earn distinguished marksmanship badges based on their performance.

By participating in these competitions, shooters refine their skills while experiencing a structured and disciplined shooting environment.

3. Firearm Sales Program

The CMP is well known for its surplus firearm sales, particularly for historic military rifles such as the M1 Garand. These firearms are made available to eligible U.S. citizens who meet specific requirements, including participation in a marksmanship activity and membership in a CMP-affiliated club.

The sales program helps fund CMP operations while preserving military history by making these iconic firearms accessible to collectors and responsible owners. Firearm sales include:

• M1 Garand rifles – A staple of U.S. military history, these rifles are highly sought after by collectors and competitive shooters.
• M1911 pistols – Recently added to the sales list, these sidearms have a long history of military use.
• .22 caliber training rifles – Often used in youth shooting programs and marksmanship training.

CMP ensures that all firearms sold undergo proper inspection and grading to guarantee safety and functionality.

4. Junior Shooting Programs

One of the most impactful elements of the CMP is its focus on youth development. The program collaborates with schools, JROTC units, and youth organizations to introduce safe shooting practices and responsible firearm ownership at an early age.

CMP youth initiatives include:

• JROTC Marksmanship Programs – Providing structured training and competition opportunities for high school cadets.
• Scholarship Programs – For the young, up-and-coming shooters who demonstrate excellence in both marksmanship and academics.
• Three-Position Air Rifle Competitions – Exposure to competitive rifle shooting for the young shooters in a controlled environment.

These programs ensure the next generation of responsible firearm owners and competitive shooters are properly trained and guided.

Eligibility and Participation Requirements

To be a part of the CMP, individuals must fulfill certain requirements, especially when purchasing firearms. The major requirements include:

• U.S. Citizenship – Only U.S. citizens can purchase firearms through the CMP.
• Age Requirement – Buyers must be at least 18 years old for rifles and 21 for pistols.
• CMP-Affiliated Club Membership – Membership in a recognized shooting club is mandatory.
• Marksmanship or Firearm Safety Training – Proof of prior training or competition experience is required.
• Background Check: The CMP runs background checks to ensure compliance with federal law.

These requirements underscore safety and responsibility, ensuring that firearms are sold to qualified individuals.

Advantages of the Civilian Marksmanship Program

The Civilian Marksmanship Program offers numerous advantages to individuals as well as the broader shooting community. Key benefits are as follows:

1. Ensures Firearm Safety – The CMP through its structured training programs teaches new and experienced shooters safe handling.
2. Saves Historic Firearms – The sales program ensures that surplus military firearms end up in responsible owners’ and collectors’ hands.
3. Promotes Competitive Shooting – The national and local competitions hosted by the CMP foster a strong shooting sports culture.
4. Youth Development: Junior programs offer young shooters the opportunity for disciplined training and competition.
5. National Defense Readiness: The program is no longer a direct military training initiative but continues to support marksmanship skills that, in time of need, could bolster national defense.

Challenges Confronting the CMP

The CMP has its strengths, yet it also faces challenges:

• Legislative Changes – Gun laws vary by state, which can impact the availability of CMP programs in certain regions.
• Aging Shooter Demographics – While junior programs help, there is still a need to attract younger participants to sustain the program.
• Firearm Supply Limitations – As surplus military firearms become scarce, the sales program may need to adjust its offerings.

Continuous adaptation and outreach efforts will be needed to ensure the program stays relevant and accessible in meeting these challenges.

Conclusion

The Civilian Marksmanship Program plays a vital role in firearm safety education, competitive shooting, and historical firearm preservation. With a legacy spanning over a century, the CMP remains one of the most respected marksmanship initiatives in the United States. By promoting safe and responsible firearm use, the program ensures that shooting sports continue to thrive for future generations.

For those interested in learning about firearm safety, improving shooting skills, or acquiring a historic rifle, the CMP offers a structured and reputable avenue to engage with responsible firearm ownership. Whether seasoned shooter or newcomer, the CMP provides valuable opportunities to participate in marksmanship at various levels.